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  Understanding Tuberculosis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Global Impact Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body such as the brain, kidneys, and bones. TB is spread through the air when a person with active TB disease coughs, sneezes, or speaks, releasing droplets containing the bacteria. TB can be classified into two categories: latent TB infection and active TB disease. Latent TB infection occurs when a person has been infected with the bacteria, but does not have symptoms and cannot spread the disease to others. However, if left untreated, latent TB infection can progress to active TB disease, which can cause symptoms such as coughing, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. TB is treatable with antibiotics, but requires a long course of treatment (usually six to nine months). The treatment aims to kill the bacteria and prevent the development of drug-r...